DOS TCP/IP Networking with Packet Drivers. Why. on Earth would anybody want to do that? Table. of Contents. Introduction. From Wikipedia. This is usually in lieu of. The name is a. tongue- in- cheek sound- alike to Ethernet, and refers to the use of. Naviextras.com is the official map update portal for a growing number of personal navigation devices of several manufacturers. DOS has been an obsolete operating system for close to twenty years. In embedded applications like cash registers, lab equipment, and. For running old software that people might be still using in. Back then people did not have home networks. If people had any. BBS) through a dial- up modem or to talk to a Novell Netware server. This drove the. cost of networking adapters and equipment down, which made it more. The growth of DSL and cable modem devices in. Internet. Networking for DOS. But if you enable networking you get the following advantages: Transferring data using floppy drives is slow and painful. Floppy. drives need periodic maintenance and floppy diskettes wear out. Ethernet adapters are far faster than serial ports. A. typical serial port on an 8. KB per. second of data transfer if everything is running perfectly. ![]()
The same. system with an Ethernet adapter can transfer data 3. Ethernet device being used. On an 8. 04. 86 system the. Ethernet. is more efficient than through a serial port. Data transfer over Ethernet is more reliable than over a serial. You will get faster transfers speeds because there is less chance. Using a home network cuts down on your time . It also saves you. Modern web sites are generally too complex to render on old. Javascript has made it difficult for. But for basic file transfer and running some useful. SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) it can not be beat. This page. primarily discusses TCP/IP and packet drivers (to be introduced later). Originally they were. A. computer can use the serial port and a modem to connect to another. For computers that are close by a . Typical speeds range. Parallel ports: a parallel port is a slightly more complex port. Parallel. ports are faster than serial ports because they can send eight bits of. Parallel ports were. CD- ROM. drives, scanners, portable hard drives, etc. Like the serial port. Ethernet adapterss: An Ethernet adapter or Network Interface Card. NIC) allows a computer to attach to a Local Area Network (LAN) that. Ethernet standards. Ethernet originally allowed for 1. Mb/s (megabits. per second) data rates and has been enhanced several times. Modern. Ethernets generally operate at 1. Mb/s. An Ethernet adapter. Ethernet can be added. USB adapter, or even directly included on a. Less common. devices used to connect computers. ARCNET was a popular microcomputer networking technology in the. Token Ring was a competitor to Ethernet for networking introduced. IBM. Token Ring was a good technology but it lost out to Ethernet. Software. solutions for serial ports. Serial ports are relatively easy devices to program and lots of. As a result, there was. Some of the early file. Low- end networking solutions that allowed for file and printer. These allowed for simple networks but were limited by the. TCP/IP using Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) or PPP. Point- to- Point Protocol). TCP/IP, SLIP and PPP had the benefit of. As modems became faster and operating systems became. BBSes to Internet Service Providers using TCP/IP, enabled by. SLIP and PPP. Software. Parallel ports were not used for communications as much as serial. Often there was just one parallel port compared with two. Serial ports supported . Lap. Link provided. The software. allowed the computers to move files back and forth. Later versions of. DOS provided a similar function with INTERLNK and INTERSRV. TCP/IP over the parallel port was also possible using a protocol. Parallel Line Internet Protocol (PLIP). Transfers on the parallel port were inherently faster than those. Parallel ports. also evolved to operate at faster and faster speeds using improved. DMA. Those enhancements were made to. Functions of the protocol suite include data. TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is the. Ethernet today. Besides Ethernet. SLIP or PPP, Token Ring, wireless. Ethernet, and almost any other networking technology that. Net. BIOS: Originally developed for IBM to run on the IBM PC. Network, Net. BIOS is actually an API and not a protocol. The Net. BIOS. Frames (NBF) protocol is what ran . The Net. BIOS API was. IBM introduced Token Ring; an emulator was provided for. Novell supported Net. BIOS by running it. IPX/SPX with a protocol called NBX. And Net. BIOS can run today. TCP/IP using a protocol called NBT. SNA: Systems Network Architecture was a networking suite from. IBM. Originally designed for connecting terminals to IBM mainframes. SNA evolved to becomes a more complete protocol suite but it failed to. IBM customers. High level applications. Net. Ware: Novell Netware was one of the original file serving. PCs. Net. Ware implemented its file and. Net. Ware. Core Protocol (NCP) which ran on top of IPX/SPX. A disadvantage of. Net. Ware is that you generally need a dedicated server although that. Your local computer. Net. Ware client to access files on the server using either. IPX/SPX or TCP/IP. Server Message Block (SMB): SMB provides for file and printer. Most people have used this in. Windows and just refer to it as . Examples include. File sharing using FTP and NFSPrinting to remote printers. Telnet or SSH to allow you to use remote computers just like. Web servers and web browsers. Chat programsetc .. Miscellaneous notes. An Ethernet device is a device that connects to an internet. Often it is an adapter that plugs into your computer, but it. Ethernet network. On other architectures. Ethernet was sometimes attached using a SCSI bus. So when you read. In addition to powering the Internet, TCP/IP. Simply put, TCP/IP allows. The path the. data takes might be confined to one room in your house or might span. TCP/IP is robust enough to handle it. TCP/IP is composed of layers of protocols. Internet Protocol (IP): This is the lowest layer of TCP/IP - . IP address and the. IP address, but not much more. IP packets are not. IP packets can be sent to individual machines or groups of. User Datagram Protocol (UDP): UDP is a higher level protocol that. IP packet payload; another way to say this is that. IP encapsulates UDP. UDP adds the concept of . Each UDP packet is a self contained unit, like. TCP: TCP is another high level protocol that rides inside of IP. TCP also uses ports to target specific applications, but. TCP uses. the ports to establish connections between two applications that last. The real world analogy is that of a telephone. Unlike UDP, TCP. guarantees that the data sent will arrive and it will be in order. TCP. does this by adding meta data to each packet that allows it to detect. In addition to IP, UDP and TCP there are additional protocols that. Examples include ICMP, ARP, and DNS. Most of these other. TCP/IP is a fairly comprehensive protocol and it can be ver. A full implementation requires more memory than is usually. PC. With some sensible performance and feature. TCP/IP. implementation running on an old PC with decent performance. Smaller. machines can run TCP/IP, but they often wind up making trade- offs that. While most people associate TCP/IP with high performance. For. example: I would stick to classic Ethernet over these two alternatives - they. DOS and TCP/IP. As noted earlier, DOS generally predates the widespread use of. TCP/IP. That means that TCP/IP is going to be a feature of your. On a DOS PC there are generally two ways to used TCP/IP in. TCP/IP is built into an application that does something with it. Examples include the NCSA Telnet. WATTCP TCP/IP library or programs that. TCP TCP/IP library. TCP/IP is provided a Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) program. After loading the. TSR you then run another application which uses it to do something. The. application accesses TCP/IP through a software interrupt. A good. example of this is Trumpet by Peter Tattam. The first approach generally works well because the TCP/IP code and. But it also makes every application that. TCP/IP code bigger in size because the application has to. TCP/IP. A change to TCP/IP also requires all of the. On the other hand, the TCP/IP code is. If the TCP/IP code. TCP/IP part. This makes the TCP/IP code more of an. But performance is not as good as with the first. A pragmatic approach says to find. TCP/IP services. A warning About old PC. DOSIf you are not comfortable installing new hardware in your machine. CONFIG. SYS, or trying to debug hardware that has not been. TCP/IP in DOS is not for you. At. a minimum you are going to have to: Install your Ethernet hardware. This implies successfully. IRQ and port conflicts on your system. Get the right cabling. Cabling for newer adapters using RJ4. CAT5 wiring is generally easy but older adapters using Thinnet or. Find the right packet driver for your adapter and parameters. If. your adapter does not have a packet driver you might be able to use an. NDIS driver with a . Not all problems will be the. PC. Bad cabling, flakey routers, and network. On the other hand, the rewards are well worth it. Blasting files. the house at speeds ranging from 2. KB per second (on a slow machine. Ethernet adapter) to 6. KB per second (on a high. NE2. 00. 0 compatible adapter) sure beats the heck. And once it is setup there is little to no. Packet drivers. At the beginning of the networking era for DOS PCs there were very. As a result, networking applications generally included. A device manufacturer needed to provide a. TSR that provided the API in the form. Application software would use the API to send. Decoupling the network hardware programming from. The packet driver for an adapter. Another way to look at. It talks to the packet. The. complexity of the hardware is hidden by the packet driver. An 8- bit. Western Digital WD8. Ethernet card from 1. NE2. 00. 0 clone in a 4. PC, yet the packet drivers for each card make. That hardware might be a network adapter, an Ethernet chipset. A packet driver makes the hardware and network. The PC/TCP packet driver specification can be found at http: //www. Ford Expedition - Wikipedia. The Ford Expedition is a fullsize SUV that is made by Ford Motor Company. Introduced for the 1. Ford Bronco, the Expedition is the first full- size Ford SUV sold with a four- door body. For its entire production life, the Ford Expedition has been derived from the corresponding generation of the Ford F- 1. Currently in its third model generation, a fourth- generation Ford Expedition is slated to enter production for the 2. Similar to the configuration of the Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban, the Ford Expedition is sold in regular and extended lengths (the Ford Expedition EL/Max); sold since 2. Ford Excursion. Since 1. Lincoln division has marketed the Ford Expedition as the Lincoln Navigator, the first full- size SUV sold by a luxury auto brand in North America (the Expedition was never sold as a Mercury). The third Ford vehicle to use the Expedition nameplate, the full- size SUV follows a 1. F- 1. 50 Eddie Bauer concept vehicle and a 1. Ford Explorer Sport. Prior to 2. 00. 9, the Ford Expedition was assembled at the Michigan Assembly Plant in Wayne, Michigan (previously home to the Ford Bronco)., After 2. Ford Expedition was moved to the Kentucky Truck Plant in Louisville, Kentucky. Vehicle background. It is similar to the Lincoln Navigator, especially in Limited (2. King Ranch (2. 00. With the 2. 01. 1 model year, the base model was designated XL, an upgraded XLT, and new for 2. XLT Premium that replaced the Eddie Bauer trim (1. Ford vehicle lineup. As of 2. 01. 0, over 1,5. Expeditions (both standard and EL/Max) have been sold. A modified Special Service Vehicle version is available for law enforcement agencies, fire departments, and emergency medical services. The Ford Expedition is also known for being one of the longest- lasting vehicles on the road. With 5% of vehicles over 2. K miles, it landed the #4 spot in a 2. See. Cars. com listing the top 1. The Expedition is also the last current Ford vehicle to retain it's classic Ford look from thr late 1. Ford vehicles with it's triangular- styled taillamps and rounded- rectangular shaped headlamps along with the overall boxy shape of the body. Initial planning began in 1. PN9. 6 F- Series development, prior to the UN9. Styling approval was completed in early 1. Bob Aikins, with the UN9. September 1. 99. 3, at 3. July 1. 99. 6 production commencement. The XLT was the base model. The Expedition featured optional three row seating, first row captains chair seating, available second row captains chair seating, leather seating surfaces, illuminated running boards, heated side view mirrors, power moon roof, dual zone climate control and Ford's Mach audio sound system with rear subwoofer. Many of these features were standard on the Eddie Bauer version. Expedition was available with automatic full- time Control. Trac four- wheel drive with two- speed dual range Borg. Warner 4. 40. 6 transfer case and a center multi- disc differential. Control. Trac was introduced in 1. Two High, Auto, Four High (lock) and Four Low (lock). Two High mode and Auto mode with auto- lock was not available. Optional equipment included off- road under- body skid- plate protection, Traction- Lok rear limited- slip differential, and a heavy- duty trailer towing package. Optional was an electronically controlled pneumaticair suspension system that would raise and lower the vehicle depending on road and load conditions. The system also included a kneel- down mode for easier ingress and egress, as well as loading cargo. The first generation Expedition was rated as a Low Emission Vehicle (LEV). The air bags would adjust deployment force depending on crash severity. Features included Securi. Lock with smart key and engine immobilizer, security approach lamps, four- wheel anti- lock braking system (ABS), side- intrusion door beams, post- crash fuel pump shut- off and three- point safety belts for all rows of seating with tension and locking retractors. An optional four air bag SRS with 4- way occupant protection was available for the 2. This included seat- mounted side torso side air bags. The 2. 00. 1 model introduced a Belt. Minder system to detect when the driver did not have their safety belt secured. Model year changes. A new exterior color was added: Wedgewood Blue. The 1. 99. 9 model year received a facelift similar to that of the 1. Ford F- 1. 50. Included in the update was a new front grille which now dropped lower in the center, grille work, as well as a new front bumper that incorporated the fog lamps into the lower valance and larger center air intake. Both the 4. 6 liter and 5. V8 engines received updates including more power and torque. The Two High mode for automatic full- time Control. Trac four- wheel drive equipped models was dropped leaving only Auto, Four High (lock) and Four Low (lock) modes. The dashboard also received an updated radio and air conditioning controls and revised Gauge Cluster and a Digital Odometer for the first time. Available features on 2. Gentex auto dimming electrochromatic rear view mirrors, lane departure indicators on side view mirrors (before on the glass) and ultrasonic rear park assist /backup sensors. The lower front bumper valance and illuminated running boards were changed over to Arizona beige to complement the standard Arizona beige exterior body trim on Eddie Bauer models. New trim packages included the XLT model. XLT versions could be optioned with the XLT No Boundaries package that included monochromatic black paint work with chrome grille and special alloy wheels. Eddie Bauer versions could be optioned with the Eddie Bauer Premier package that included either monochromatic Arizona beige or solid black paint work with painted alloy wheels and upgraded leather seating. No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. Last year model for the UN9. This was also the last model year for XLT No Boundaries and Eddie Bauer Premier trims. Second generation (2. UN9. 3- body mules were spotted testing in 2. The new Expedition was unveiled at the 2. North American International Auto Show, in January. It was launched in May 2. Nevertheless, underbody obstacle clearance improved by half an inch, and up to two inches under the axle differentials. Expedition also gained a hydroformed fully boxed frame providing a 7. Along with the high towing capability came all- new steering, braking and electronic systems to help the Expedition better control and maneuver long heavy trailers. Adaptive variable assist power rack- and- pinion steering was introduced along with the largest brake rotors in the segment at that time (1. Expedition. The four- speed 4. R7. 0W automatic transmission received all- new control software to allow the transmission to automatically adjust to the demands of towing, using new computer logic that recognizes changes in load and road conditions. The new transfer case featured an updated intelligent locking center multi- disc differential with front- to- rear . A new dedicated microprocessor with new control software was added allowing the system to detect different terrain and surface conditions to predict traction loss before it happens. Two High mode was also reintroduced. Four- wheel electronic traction control was now available as an option, and simulated front and reardifferential locks. Both the 4. 6 and 5. Triton V8 engines received further refinements in design and overall efficiency. Expedition qualified as an Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) and was certified under the Environmental Protection Agency Tier 2 regulations one year earlier than required. The 5. 4- liter engine received an all- new redesigned cast- iron engine block with computer designed ribbing and bracing, along with thicker side skirts and reinforcement at the oil pan flange. The new engine block helped reduce engine vibration and unwanted noise while providing refined performance. In addition, a new fail- safe cooling mode provided protection even in the case of a catastrophic coolant loss (such as a punctured radiator). In the event of coolant loss, the engine control unit shuts off fuel to alternate cylinders to reduce the risk of engine damage from overheating. The valves continue to operate, in order to pump cooling air through the cylinders. The cooling system was designed to maintain an ideal engine temperature even when subjected to a prolonged 1. A returnless fuel supply system helped to reduce evaporative emissions by providing consistent pressure to the fuel injectors through a high- pressure pump. By optimizing these engine mounts, the engine block can act as a mass damper, absorbing chassis resonance, improving ride comfort. Wind, powertrain, road and vehicle body noise was reduced by improving interior acoustics through new damping materials, a total of 1. B- pillars, upper and lower D- pillars and floor pan. Road noise was reduced by 2 decibels, body air leakage reduced by 5. Expedition featured an all- new front fascia, grille work, headlamps, body trim, rear fascia, tail lamps and liftgate. Interior fit and finish were improved with an all- new interior featuring new dash, door panels, genuine aluminium trim, and plush carpeting. Premium perforated leather seating surfaces were standard on Expedition Eddie Bauer (optional on Expedition XLT). Expedition FX4 models featured all of Expedition's optional off- road equipment as standard equipment. Expedition's drag coefficient was 0. Cd. No longer did owners have to remove the third rows seats for more storage. The third row could simply . Power assisted Power. Fold fold- flat third row seating was available as an optional extra. The dual front SRS air bags now included the Personal Safety System (PSS). PSS would tailor air bag deployment for driver and first passenger and included occupant classification, seat position, crash severity, safety belt pretensioner, load- limiting retractor and safety belt buckle usage sensors. A new optional 4 air bag supplementary restraint system (SRS) with 6- way occupant protection was also available. This new air bag system included Safety.
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